The concept of twelve different gemstones was found displayed on a breastplate of a High Priest in Ancient Egypt that was excavated from a tomb dating from circa 4000 BCE. Thereafter the Hebrews adopted the concept, assigning a stone to each of the twelve tribes of Israel. The tradition evolved from there with gemstones being assigned to the twelve angels, then the twelve Apostles and finally the twelve months. Birthstones came into fashion sometime in the eighteenth century. These colored gemstones and crystals were thought to offer predictions for the future, to protect the wearer from harm and to aid healing.
Modern Birthstone Chart |
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| January | February | March | April |
| Garnet | Amethyst | Aquamarine | Diamond |
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| May | June | July | August |
| Emerald | Pearl | Ruby | Peridot |
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| September | October | November | December |
| Sapphire | Opal | Topaz | Blue Zircon |
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| Oct Alternate | Nov Alternate | Dec Alternate | |
| Tourmaline | Citrine | Tanzanite | |

|
AYURVEDIC BIRTHSTONES |
TRADITIONAL |
MYSTICAL |
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| January | Garnet | Garnet | Emerald |
| February | Amethyst | Amethyst | Bloodstone |
| March | Bloodstone | Bloodstone | Jade |
| April | Diamond | Diamond | Opal |
| May | Agate | Emerald | Sapphire |
| June | Pearl | Alexandrite | Moonstone |
| July | Ruby | Ruby | Ruby |
| August | Sapphire | Sardonyx | Diamond |
| September | Moonstone | Sapphire | Agate |
| October | Opal | Tourmaline | Jasper |
| November | Yellow Topaz | Citrine | Pearl |
| December | Ruby | Blue Zircon | Onyx |